The sophisticated and coordinated attacks on four tankers off Fujairah were most likely carried out by a state actor.
Sabotage
UAE: Sabotaged Saudi Ships Identified
Saudi ships involved in the sabotage incident off UAE identified as the VLCC Amjad and the Al Marzoqah tanker.
https://worldmaritimenews.com/archives/276697/uae-sabotaged-saudi-ships-identified/
UAE: Four Ships Subjected to Sabotage East of Fujairah
Two of four ships subjected to sabotage off UAE were Saudi oil tankers.
https://worldmaritimenews.com/archives/276597/uae-four-ships-subjected-to-sabotage-east-of-fujairah/