Beginning in March 2022, Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine was marked by a massive advantage in artillery, giving Russian forces a substantial advantage on the battlefield. In the first year of the war, Russia averaged more than 50,000 artillery shots per day, while Ukraine never managed more than 10,000 daily artillery fires through the end of 2023. The sheer volume of artillery fire overwhelmed Ukrainian defenses, illustrating gaps in the country’s own munitions production capabilities.
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https://www.freightwaves.com/news/rebuilding-american-munitions-production