In case a ship pollutes the waters within the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of a country but does not call at any of that country’s ports, it has not always been clear who has the right to impose penalties. However, according to North P&I Club, a recent European Court of Justice (ECJ) decision comes to provide some clarity on the issue.
Specifically, this judgment allows European coastal states to detain and penalise ships for breaching MARPOL in their EEZ, even if the ship did not call at any...
https://safety4sea.com/court-decision-clarifies-situation-over-marpol-breaches-in-eez/